CHINA / National
'Pandemic among humans unlikely'
By Zhang Feng and Wu Chong (China Daily)
Updated: 2006-04-05 06:33
The avian influenza virus is unlikely to cause a pandemic among humans,
experts said in Beijing yesterday.
Although the virus has killed more than 100 people around the world, it
is not spread easily between people, said Zeng Guang, chief
epidemiologist of Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention.
So far 16 cases of human infections have been reported in China.
"We have found that some of the patients had immune deficiencies and two
were pregnant," Zeng said.
The reason why they were infected is still unclear, but "we know that
human beings are not generally susceptible to the virus," Zeng told China
Daily at the APEC Symposium on Emerging Infectious Diseases.
Most of the human cases in China have had direct contact with diseased
poultry.
Although realistically large numbers of people must have come into
contact with diseased poultry, only "a very small number" of these people
were infected by the virus.
This means the virus isn't spread by airborne particles, said Henk
Bekedam, WHO Representative in China.
If it could be spread through the air, it is impossible that there are
less than 200 human cases in the world, Bekedam noted.
After taking samples from healthy people living with infected people, "we
found the virus in respiratory systems of some of those tested," Zeng
said.
However, the virus in the respiratory system "cannot really infect the
person," he added.
This is because people are not susceptible to the virus now, whether it
is carried by poultry, animals or human beings, he said.
Both Zeng and David Nabarro, the United Nations System Senior
Co-ordinator for Avian and Hunan Influenza, who visited China yesterday,
said there are not people who have been infected with the virus but
showed no symptoms.
But Bekedam asked scientists to keep researching on the mutation of the
virus which might become communicable among humans.
Vaccine not enough
He also warned that the global vaccine production capacity is far less
than what will be needed to control the bird flu pandemic, given that
recent studies show only high dosages of a vaccine can induce immune
responses in human bodies.
Late last month, a research team with the US-based National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Disease published its latest discovery in a
clinical trial of bird flu vaccine for human use, which says that a
proper antibody response can only be stimulated by a dose of 90
micrograms, five times more than a regular dose for seasonal influenza.
"It means the global capacity is one twelfth of what we thought it was,"
Bekedam said.
Nabarro added some research is underway to work on an adjuvant that can
be taken with the vaccine to help lower the dosage needed. And advice
also came from US scientists last month at the China-US Dialogue on
Emerging Science and Technology in Beijing.
Arnold S Monto, a US expert in epidemics said it is advisable that
governments start encouraging seasonal vaccine production. "It is unknown
when the pandemic will occur.
But even if it doesn't, at least we have the capacity to deal with
seasonal flu, which claims a huge number of lives too," Monto said.
Bekedam said that WHO may seek co-operation with China to help other
countries in vaccine supplies.
"China has a great capacity to develop vaccine, especially for poultry.
Although it is not the same, but we want to see whether it can be
converted for human use," he said.
(China Daily 04/05/2006 page2)
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